Hydroturbine pump



March 16, 1954 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb, 15, 1951 INVENTOR. Harold L.Add/775 March 16, 1954 H. E. ADAMS HYDROTURBINE PUMP 6 Sheets-Sheet 2Filed Feb, 15, 1951 IN V EN TOR. Harv/dc. Adams ATTORNEYS March 16, 1954ADAMS 2,672,277

HYDROTURBINE PUMP Filed Feb. 15, 1951 6 SheetsSheet 5 IN VEN TOR. Harv/d6'. Adams AT TORNE March 16, 1954 H. E ADAMS HYDROTURBINE PUMP 6Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb 15, 1951 INVEN TOR. Harald 5. Adams ATTORNEYSMarch 16, 1954 Filed Feb. 15, 1951 H. E. ADAMS HYDROTURBINE PUMP 6Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS March 16, 1954 H. E. ADAMS HYDROTURBINE PUMP 6 Sheets-Sheet 6Filed Feb. 15, 1951 EQ A INVEN TOR. Harold 5. Adams ATTORNEYS PatentedMar. 16, 1954 UNITED STATES OFFICE HYDROTURBINE PUMP ApplicationFebruary 15, 1951, Serial No. 211,167

14 Claims.

This invention relates to gas pumps of the hydroturbine type. In a pumpof this type, a 1'0- tating ring of liquid, operated within an eccentriccasing, is made to serve as the displacement medium. The well known Nashtype compressor or vacuum pump is a good illustration of the type ofstructure to which the invention is applicable.

More specifically, the invention relates to improvements in pumpstructures of the kind disclosed in Adams Patents #1,847,548 and#Lliljdfi of March 1, 1932, and #2195375 of March 28, 1940, wherein arotor of uniform external diameter operates within an eccentric casingand cooperates with tapered conical port members which extend centrallyinto the rotor from opposite ends thereof.

In the usual pump of this kind, the body is constructed to provide lobesand lands in alternation, divided by boundary edges which extendparallel to one another and to the axis of the rotor. The cone ports areformed with lateral boundary edges which are disposed in axial planes.The rotor blades are also disposed in axial planes. Neither the inneredges nor the outer edges or" the rotor blades have any circumferentialcomponent. As the rotor turns the inner rotor blade edges are caused oneafter another to cross the lateral boundary edges of the ports, and theouter rotor blade edges are caused "one after another to cross the lobeedges successively.

Since the lobe edges and the outer rotor blade edges both extendaxially, each outer blade edge crosses each lobe edge throughout itsentire length at a single instant. Since each such crossing marks eitherthe end of a compression period or the beginning of a suction periodand, therefore, a change of operating conditions, the abrupt crossing isobjectionable. It causes shock, strain, vibration, noise and cavitation.Each lateral boundary edge of each cone port is crossed by each innerblad edge with similar abruptn'e'ss and with similar hough somewhat lessobjectionable effects.

It is a primary object of this invention to provide a hydroturbihe pumpstructure in which abrupt changes of operating conditions of thereferred to above are avoided. It is equally 1 the scope of theinvention to improve the eoaction of the outer blade edges with the bodyor the coaction of the inner blade edges with the cone, or both.

To this end is a feature that a relative skewihg is provided between thelobe boundary edges and the outer rotor blade edges and/or between theport lateral boundary edges and the inner i rotor blade edges, so thatthe relatively skewed edges will be caused to cross one anotherprogressively. In this way the change of operating conditions caused bythe crossing of relatively skewed edges is caused to occur gradually,being extended in each instance through several degrees of rotation.This may be accomplished in various ways.

The relative skewing of the outer blade edges and the lobe boundaryedges may be brought about by maintaining the usual axial disposition ofthe lobe edges while skewing the outer blade edges, or by maintainingthe usual axial disposition of the outer blade edge while skewing "thelobe edges. As a further alternative, both the lobe edges and the outerblade edges may be skewed away from the usual axial disposition. Anyarrangement which causes the lobe'edges and the outer blade edges to bedisposed in attitudes causing them to cross one another obliquely and,therefore, progressively is within the scope of the invention.

The relativeskewing of the inner blade edges and the port boundary edgesmay be brought about by maintaining the axial disposition of the portboundary edges while skewing the 1 her blade edges, or by maintainingthe conventwnal axial disposition of the inner blade edges while skewingthe port boundary edges. Here again, the inner blade edges and the portboundary edges may both be skewed away from the usual axial disposition.Any arrangement which causes the port edges and the inner blade edges tobe disposed in attitudes causing them to -'cross one another obliquelyand, therefore, progressively, is within the scope of the invention.

The skewing of an edge as referred to herein is intended to mean aturning of the edge away from the true axial disposition so that it hasboth axial and circumferential components. A relative Showing of edgesis intended to mean that the edges are disposed to intersect obliquelywhether or not one of them is axially disposed.

A skewing of the port boundary edges "can be brought about simply byforming the ports with their lateral boundary edges disposed inarbitrarily selected directions which include both axial andcircumferential components. simuitaneous skewing of the inner and outeredges of the rotor blades may be brought about hydra posing the flatblades in non-axial planes'so that the inner and outer edges both havecircumien ential as well as axial components. skewing'o'f the outerblade edge only may be brought about by disposing the inner blade edgeaxially and 3' making the blade of twisted form so that the outer edgewill extend in the desired direction.

The lobes may be caused to have skewed edges by varying the radiusand/or offset of the lobe bores, or by varying slightly the radius ofthe land bore while forming the lobe bores of uniform radius and offsetin accordance with usual practice.

It may be here remarked that the usual practice is to form a cylindricalland bore which is to be coaxial with the rotor and then to formeccentric cylindrical lobe bores whose axes extend parallel to the axisof the land bore and are equally offset from it.

In my copending application Serial No. 211,166 for Hydroturbine Pump,filed concurrently herewith, disclosure is made of several forms of bodyconstruction for varying the lobe depth in order to secure matcheddisplacement of the lobe and rotor lengthwise of the pumping chamber,all of which have the incidental effect of producing skewed lobeboundary edges. Structures falling within the principle of thedisclosure of said application are claimed therein, but the principle ofproviding relative skewing between rotor blade edges and edges whichthey cross is broadly claimed herein. The disclosure of Serial No.211,166, in its entirety, is made a part of the present specification byreference.

Other objects and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the drawing forming part of this specification Figure 1 is a view inside elevation, partly broken away, of a two-chamber hydroturbine pumpembodying the present invention;

Figure 2 is a transverse, vertical sectional view taken upon the line2-2 of Figure 1 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken upon the line 3-3 ofFigure 2 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 3a is a fragmentary view generally similar to Figure 3, but withparts broken away to reveal underlying structure;

Figure 4 is a transverse, vertical sectional view through a second formof pump embodying the invention, the section being taken upon the line44 of Figure 5 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure '5 is a fragmentary sectional viev partly broken away, thesection being taken upon the line 5-5 of Figure 4 looking in thedirection of the arrows;

Figure 6 is a transverse, vertical sectional view showing a third formof pump embodying the invention, the section being taken upon the line6--6 of Figure 7 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary sectional view taken upon the line 1-4 ofFigure 6 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 8 is a detail sectional view showing the inner portion of one ofthe rotor blades half way across one of the cone ports;

Figure 9 is a transverse, vertical sectional view showing a fourth formof pump embodying the invention, the section being taken upon the line9-9 of Figure 10 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 10 is a fragmentary sectional view taken upon the line l0l0 ofFigure 9 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 11 is a vertical transverse sectional view of a fifth form ofpump embodying features of the invention, the section being taken uponthe line Il--ll of Figure 12 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 12 is a fragmentary sectional view taken upon the line l2l2 ofFigure 11 looking in the direction of the arrows; and

Figure 13 is a fragmentary sectional view taken upon the line l3-l3 ofFigure 12 looking in the direction of the arrows.

In the illustrative pump of Figures 1 to Be, the body or casing I,supported by feet 2, forms the outer boundary for two working chambersin which the rotor 3 runs. The body I is formed with an inwardlyextending partition flange 4 which meets and cooperates with a partition5 that forms part of the rotor 3.

The rotor 3 has its hub 6 keyed to a drive shaft 1. The shaft 1 ismounted in bearings 8 which are carried by brackets 9. The brackets 9are secured by screws (not shown) to respective heads I I, and the headsin turn are secured upon the body by bolts and nuts (not shown).

Ported cones l4 form the inner boundaries of the respective pumpingchambers, being formed with inlet and discharge passages 45 and 4-2through which gas is admitted to the pumping chambers and expelledtherefrom. The cones M extend through the heads II and are formed withflanges l5 through which they are attached, by means of screws (notshown), to the respective heads H. The heads II are provided with inletand discharge passages 43 and 44 which communicate with thecorresponding passages of the cones.

The rotor 3 comprises blades [6 whose outer edges at every point travelin a common cylindrical path. The body of casing l is of excentricconstruction. It is made to comprise narrow lands I! having innersurfaces which are cylindrical and which barely clear the outer edges ofthe rotor blades. The body is also made to include upper and lower lobesl8 and I9 whose inner surfaces are also cylindrical but whose axesextend parallel to the rotor axis I911, being offset equally andoppositely from the rotor axis. A liquid ring is driven around by therotor within the casing, the liquid in each bucket formed betweensuccessive blades being forced outward by centrifugal force as itapproaches the major axial plane 20 of the chamber and being forcedinward by the contracting lobe as it approaches the minor axial plane 2|of the chamber. The inner boundary of the ring is indicated at 22. Asthe liquid moves outward it draws gas into the chamber through inletports 23 and 24 and as it is returned inward it compresses the gas andforces it out through exhaust ports 25 and 26. The pumping cycle isperformed twic for each revolution of a bucket.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3a the lateral boundary edges of the inlet andoutlet ports lie in axial planes while the edges which divide the lobesl8 and I9 from the lands I! also lie in axial planes. The inner edges 21of the rotor blades I8 extend in axial planes and therefore each innerblade edge crosses each lateral port edge instantaneously.

In the usual construction of the prior art the outer blade edges arealso disposed in axial planes and cross the lobe edges simultaneously.In the present construction, however, the blades it have a twisted formso that their outer edges 28 are caused to be skewed. The outer edgesinstead of lying in axial planes have circumferential, as well as axialcomponents. As one of these edges Each lobe has a cylindrical bore whoseaxis extends parallel to the rotor axis l9md. The lands 11d are,however, bored on a slight taper so that their inner surfaces areslightly conical in form. This is done for the purpose of causing theboundary edges 29d and 30:1 to be skewed so that the axially disposedouter edges 28d of the rotor blades ltd will cross the edges 29d and3011 progressively. The forming of the land bore as a conical borecauses the land surfaces to be spaced slightly from the cylindrical pathof the rotor blades, but the clearance is so slight that no substantialloss of efficiency results.

While some of the illustrative forms disclosed herein take into accountthe desirability only of causing the outer rotor blade edges to crosscasing edges progressively and others take into account only thedesirability of causing the inner rotor blade edges to cross port edgesprogressively, it is to be understood that structures combining thesefeatures are to be regarded equally as within the scope of theinvention.

I have described. what I believe to be the best embodiments of myinvention. I do not wish, however, to be confined to the embodimentsshown, but what I desire to cover by Letters Patent is set forth in theappended claims.

I claim:

1. A hydroturbine pump comprising, in combination, a rotor having bladesformed with inner and outer edges, means forming a chamber in which therotor turns comprising an outer wall forming member having successivesegments of difierent contours which are divided from one another bycommon boundary edges which edges are successively crossed by the outeredges of the blades, and an inner wall forming member provided withinlet and outlet ports in alternation, which ports have boundary edgessuccessively crossed by the inner edges of the blades, a portion atleast of said boundary edges and the blade edges which cross them beingrelatively skewed in order to cause such blade edges to cross therelatively skewed boundary edges progressively.

2. A hydroturbine pump comprising, in combination, a rotor having bladesformed with inner and outer edges, means forming a chamber in which therotor turns comprising an outer wall forming member formed with landsand lobes in alternation which meet along boundary edges successivelycrossed by the outer edges of the blades, and an inner wall formingmember provided with inlet and outlet ports in alternation, which portshave boundary edges successively crossed by the inner edges of theblades, a portion at least of said boundary edges and the blade edgeswhich cross them being relatively skewed, in order to cause such bladeedges to cross the relatively skewed boundary edges progressively.

3. In a hydroturbine pump, in combination, a rotor having blades formedwith inner and outer edges, and means forming a chamber in which therotor turns, comprising an outer wall formed with lands and lobes inalternation which meet along boundary edges successively crossed by theouter edges of the blades, a portion at least of said boundary edgesbeing skewed relative to the blade edges which cross them in order tocause such blade edges to cross progressively the relatively skewedboundary edges.

4. In a hydroturbine pump, in combination, a rotor having a defined axisof rotation and having blades formed with inner and outer edges, meansforming a chamber in which the rotor turns, comprising outer wallsformed with lands and lobes in alternation which meet along boundaryedges successively crossed by the outer edges of the blades, the outerblade edges having both axial and circumferential components such thatthe outer blade edges will extend obliquely to the boundary edges whichseparate the lands from the lobes as they cross such edges.

5. In a hydroturbine pump, in combination, a rotor having a defined axisof rotation and having blades formed with inner and outer edges, meansforming a chamber in which the rotor turns, comprising outer wallsformed with lands and lobes in alternation which meet along parallelaxially extending boundary edges successively crossed by the outer edgesof the blades, the outer blade edges having both axial andcircumferential components which cause such outer edges to crossprogressively the boundary edges which separate the lands from thelobes.

6. In a hydroturbine pump, in combination, a rotor having a defined axisof rotation and having blades formed with inner and outer edges andmeans forming a chamber in which the rotor turns, comprising an outerwall formed with lands and lobes in alternation which meet alongparallel, axially extending boundary edges successively crossed by theouter edges of the blades, the blades being twisted and disposed tocause their inner edges to extend axially of the rotor but their outeredges to have both axial and circumferential components so that theouter blade edges will be caused to cross progressively the boundaryedges which separate the lands'from the lobes.

7. In a hydroturbine pump, in combination, a rotor having blades formedwith inner and outer edges, and means forming a chamber in which therotor turns, comprising an inner wall formed with inlet and outlet portsin alternation, which ports have boundary edges succesively crossed bythe inner edges of the blades, a portion at least of said boundary edgesbeing skewed relative to the blade edges which cross them in order tocause such blade edges to cross progressively the relatively skewedboundary edges.

8. In a hydroturbine pump, in combination, a rotor having a defined axisof rotation and having blades formed with inner and outer edges, meansforming a chamber in which the rotor turns, comprising an inner wallprovided with inlet and outlet ports in alternation, said ports havingboundary edges located in axially extending planes, which edges aresuccessively crossed by the inner edges of the blades, the blades beingso constructed and arranged that their inner edges have both axial andcircumferential components, which cause the inner blade edges to crossthe boundary edges of the ports progressively.

9. In a hydroturbine pump, in combination, a rotor having a defined axisof rotation and having blades formed with inner and outer edges, theouter edges at least having both circumferential and axial components,means forming a chamber in which the rotor turns, comprising a bodyforming an outer chamber boundary and formed to provide lobes and landsin alternation with the land edges disposed in such attitudes that theymust be crossed obliquely by the outer blade edges.

10. In a hydroturbine pump, in combination, a rotor having a definedaxis of rotation and having blades formed with inner and outer edges,means forming a chamber in which the rotor turns, comprising an innerwall forming an inner chamber 'ae'raaw 28 crosses a lobe edge it extendsobliquely to it. One end of the blade therefore crosses the lobe edgefirst and the crossing continues progressively to the opposite end ofthe blade. In this way, the change of condition brought about when ablade edges crosses a lobe edge is caused to occur gradually and notabruptly as heretofore. As has been pointed out, this relieves the pumpof. shock, strain and vibration by spreading out the change of conditionover several degrees or rotation. The novel construction also results ina reduction of noise and cavitation.

In Figures 3 and 3a the boundary edges between the lands and lobes areillustrated at 29 and 30. The inclination or skewing of the outer bladeedges 28 is directly illustrative in fullline in Figure 3a and isillustrated in broken lines for the blades at the far side of the rotorin the same figure. In Figure 3 the axial disposition of the inner edgesof the rotor blades as illustrated in broken lines, as well as the axialdisposition of the lateral boundary edges of the cone ports 23,

In the form of the invention illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 provision ismade both to cause a gradual or progressive crossing of the lobe edgesby the outer edges of the rotor blades and to cause a gradual orprogressive crossing of the lateral boundary edges of the cone ports bythe inner edges of the rotor blades.

The construction is generally like that of Figures 1 to 311 andaccordingly corresponding reference characters have been applied tocorresponding parts with the subscript a added in each instance. Thecasing la and the cone iea are of the same construction as before, whilethe parts not illustrated are identical with the showing of Figure 1.The rotor blades 16a are not twisted, however, but are skewed in theirentirety so that both the inner edges 21d and the outer edges 23a havecircumferential, as well as axial components. As a result of thisarrangement, the outer blade edges 28a are caused to cross the lobe andland edges 29a and 39a progressively as in the construction of Figures 1to 3a. inner rotor blade edges Zia, however, causes the inner bladeedges to cross the lateral boundary edges of the cone portsprogressively so that the change of conditions produced by thesecrossings will becaused to occur gradually and not abruptly i i asbefore.

In Figur 5, the lob and land edges 29a and 38a are illustrated, and theskewed outer edges 28a of the rotor blades are shown in full line.

The cone ports 23a and 28a are shown with latl eral boundary edgesdisposed. in axial planes, and the skewed inner edges 27a of the rotorblades 16a are shown in broken lines. One of these blades is illustratedas intersecting a lateral boundary edge of the port 23a.

The form of the invention illustrated in Figures 6 to 8 is againgenerally like that of Figures 1 to 3m Corresponding referencecharacters hav been applied to corresponding parts with the subscript 1)added in each instance. The casing lb is the same as casing I of Figures1 to 3a but the rotor blades b are of conventional construction. Theinner edges 21b lie in axial planes while the outer edges 2% also lie inaxial planes. As here shown, no provision is made for causing the outerblade edges to cross the lobe and land edges progressively but provisionis made for causing the inner blade edges 2Tb to cross the lateral edgesof the ports 23b, 24b, 25b and 26b progressively. For this purpose, the

The skewing of the the cone is smallest.

c lateral boundary edges of the ports are skewed. The arrangement isbest illustrated in Figure 8 in which the edges and38 of the port 25'0are shown as skewed equally but oppositely. The inner edgeZTb of one ofthe blades is shown as extending axially midway between the portboundary edges 35 and 36. It is evident of course that the inner bladeedge 2??) will cross each of these edges progressively. In Figure 7,several of the inner edges 21b are shown in dot and dash lines inassociation with the ports 25?) and 24b.

The form of pump illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 is also generallysimilar to the pump of Figures 1 and 3a and accordingly correspondingreference characters have been applied to corresponding parts with thesubscript 0 added in each instance. The ported cone M0 is the same asthe cone l4 and the rotor 30 is the same as the rotor 3. The rotor 30comprises twisted blades I having inner edges 27c which are disposed inradial planes and skewed outer edges 23c.

The pump of Figures 9 and 10 includes a casing lc having tapered landsH0. The pump casing is desirably in all respects like the pump casingillustrated in Figures 15 and 16 of my copending application Serial No.211,166. The land bore is a cylindrical bore whose axis coincides withthe rotor axis [9:00. The bores of the lobes lBc and I90 are conical inform, th bore axes extending parallel to the axis lilac but beingequally and oppositely offset from the axis lfirc. The bore radius foreach lobe increases progressively from the chamber end in which the coneMe is largest to the chamber end in which The primary purpose inconstructing a lobe in the manner described is to provide matcheddisplacement of the lobe and rotor, and thereby to avoid the setting upof a woes-current within the chamber, as pointed out in Serial No.211,166. The formation of the easing to in the manner described causesthe boundary edges 29c and 360 which divide the lands from the lobes tobe skewed, however, as illustrated in Figure 10. The fact that theseedges are skewed would of itself cause the outer rotor edges to crossthe edges 29c and 300 progressively, even if the outer rotor edges weredisposed in axial planes according to the conventional arrangement.

The pump of Figures 9 and 10, however, illustrates a further point. Itwill b observed that the edges 29c and 300 of Figures 9 and 10 areequally and oppositely skewed. If, therefore, the outer edges 280 of therotor blades I were disposed in axial planes, each of the edges 29c and300 would be crossed in equal tim intervals by an axially disposed bladeedge. By skewing the outer blade edges to increase the angle at whichthey intersect the edge 35c and to diminish the angle at which theyintersect the edge 290, the crossing periods are rendered unequal. Whileeach of the edges 29c and 300 i crossed progressively by a blade, thecrossing of the edge 390 to initiate an intake period is made relativelyprotracted while the crossing of an edge 280 to terminate a dischargeperiod is made relatively brief. This is a desirable condition.

The pump illustrated in Figures 11 to 13 is also generally similar tothat of Figures 1 to 3;: and accordingly corresponding referencecharactors have been applied to corresponding parts with the subscript dadded in each instance. The rotor 3:1 is of conventional con truction,and the ported cone (not shown) is also of conventional construction.

The casing id comprises lobes 18d and 19d.

boundary provided with inlet and outlet ports in alternation, said portshaving boundary edges located in axially extending planes, which edgesare successively crossed by the inner edges of the blades, and an outerwall formed to define alternate lobes and lands divided by straightaxially extending edges, the blades being so constructed and arrangedthat bothv their inner and outer edges have circumferential as well asaxial components, the inner edges being disposed to cross the port edgesprogressively and the outer edges being disposed to cross the land edgesprogressively.

11. In a hydroturbine pump in combination, a rotor having a defined axisof rotation and having blades formed with inner and outer edges, theouter edges at least having both circumferential and axial components,the pump including means forming a chamber in which the rotor turns,said chamber forming means comp-rising a body forming an outer chamberboundary and formed to provide lobes and lands in alternation with theland edges each disposed to have both axial and circumferentialcomponents but to be crossed obliquely by the outer blade edges.

12. In a hydroturbine pump, in combination, a rotor having a definedaxis of rotation and having blades formed with axially extending outerand inner edges, means forming a chamber in which the rotor turns,comprising an outer wall formed with lands and lobes in alternationwhich meet along boundary edges successively crossed by the outer edgesof the blades, and an inner wall provided with inlet and outlet ports inalternation, which ports have boundary edges 10 successively crossed bythe inner edges of the blades, a portion at least of said boundary edgesbeing skewed relative to the blades so that they will be crossedprogressively by the associated blade edges.

13. In a hydroturbine pump, in combination, a rotor having blades formedwith inner and outer edges, and means forming a chamber in which therotor turns, said chamber having an outer wall formed with lands andlobes in alternation which meet along boundary edges that are skewedrelative to the outer edges of the blades that they will be crossedprogressively by the outer blade edges.

14. In a hydroturbine pump, in combination, a rotor having a definedaxis of rotation and having blades formed with inner and outer edges,and means forming a chamber in which the rotor turns, said chamberforming means having lobes of uniform radius and whose surfaces areseparated by conical surfaces coaxial with the rotor, and whose boundaryedges have circumferential as well as axial components, there being arelative skewing between the outer rotor blade edges and said boundaryedges so that the rotor blade edges are caused to cross the boundaryedges progressively.

HAROLD E. ADAMS.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITm STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 851,908 Wallot et a1. Apr. 30, 1907 1,847,548 Adams Mar. 1,1932

